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  "content": [
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Web technology glossary"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 1,
      "text": "Web technologies: website terms explained"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "What is DNS? How do a domain and hosting differ? What do API, SSR or Core Web Vitals mean? Here you’ll find web terms on two levels: easy to follow for getting started and technical for day-to-day practice."
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Browse the terms All knowledge areas",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Browse the terms",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#glossar"
        },
        {
          "text": "All knowledge areas",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/knowledge/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "At a glance"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Scope"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "80 terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Reading levels"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Simple and technical"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Last updated"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "October 2026"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "From the browser to the backend"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Web technologies from A to Z"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Filter by topic or search for a specific question. Related terms guide you through frontend, backend, HTTP, CMS, performance and security."
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Search for a term or question"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Topic"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "80 terms shown"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Basics"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "How websites work"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A quick introduction to domains, hosting, browsers, page structure and interfaces."
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Website Web App Domain DNS Web Hosting Web Server URL HTTP HTTPS HTML CSS JavaScript API",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Website",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#website"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web App",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#web-app"
        },
        {
          "text": "Domain",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#domain"
        },
        {
          "text": "DNS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#dns"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Hosting",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webhosting"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Server",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webserver"
        },
        {
          "text": "URL",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#url"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTP",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTPS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#https"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTML",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#html"
        },
        {
          "text": "CSS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#css"
        },
        {
          "text": "JavaScript",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#javascript"
        },
        {
          "text": "API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#api"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Technical reference"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Architecture, APIs & performance"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Concepts for development, troubleshooting, operations and technical decisions."
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "REST API JSON Webhook SSG SSR CSR Hydration Islands Architecture Cache-Control Core Web Vitals Structured Data Schema.org",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "REST API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#rest-api"
        },
        {
          "text": "JSON",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#json"
        },
        {
          "text": "Webhook",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webhook"
        },
        {
          "text": "SSG",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ssg"
        },
        {
          "text": "SSR",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ssr"
        },
        {
          "text": "CSR",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#csr"
        },
        {
          "text": "Hydration",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#hydration"
        },
        {
          "text": "Islands Architecture",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#islands-architecture"
        },
        {
          "text": "Cache-Control",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cache-control"
        },
        {
          "text": "Core Web Vitals",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#core-web-vitals"
        },
        {
          "text": "Structured Data",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#structured-data"
        },
        {
          "text": "Schema.org",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#schema-org"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with A"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Data & discoverability · Technical #api",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#api",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#api"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is an API?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "API · Application Programming Interface"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A defined interface through which software systems exchange data or call functions."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A website sends text to an AI model and receives the answer back via its API."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Why does it matter?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "APIs enable controlled integration into existing systems; costs, limits, availability and data transfer must be planned for."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Tool & Function Calling MCP Cloud AI",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Tool & Function Calling",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/ai-glossary/#tool-calling"
        },
        {
          "text": "MCP",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/ai-glossary/#mcp"
        },
        {
          "text": "Cloud AI",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/ai-glossary/#cloud-ai"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CMS & platforms · Advanced #astro",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#astro",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#astro"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is Astro?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Astro · Web framework for content-focused websites"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Astro is a web framework that ships little browser JavaScript by default and is particularly suited to content-focused websites."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Astro renders components to HTML on the server or at build time and only activates framework components through explicit client directives."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A company website is generated entirely statically and only adds small local scripts for filters and navigation."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "SSG Islands Architecture JavaScript HTML",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "SSG",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ssg"
        },
        {
          "text": "Islands Architecture",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#islands-architecture"
        },
        {
          "text": "JavaScript",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#javascript"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTML",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#html"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with B"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Basics · Basic #backend",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#backend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#backend"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is the backend?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Backend · The server-side part of an application"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The backend handles business logic, data access, permissions and interfaces outside the visible browser interface."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Backend processes validate requests, coordinate services and databases and generate HTML or structured API responses."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A contact backend checks inputs, limits abuse and stores an enquiry."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend Full Stack API Database",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Frontend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#frontend"
        },
        {
          "text": "Full Stack",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#full-stack"
        },
        {
          "text": "API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#api"
        },
        {
          "text": "Database",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#database"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Performance & SEO · Advanced #compression",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#compression",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#compression"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is Brotli compression?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Brotli & gzip · HTTP compression"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP compression shrinks text files during transfer and thereby reduces load time and data volume."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Client and server negotiate a method via Accept-Encoding and Content-Encoding; image formats that are already compressed usually don’t benefit."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTML, CSS, JavaScript and JSON can often be made considerably smaller."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP Header Core Web Vitals Web Server",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "HTTP Header",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http-header"
        },
        {
          "text": "Core Web Vitals",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#core-web-vitals"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Server",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webserver"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with C"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Performance & SEO · Basic #cache",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#cache",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cache"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What does caching mean?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Cache · Temporary storage"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A cache stores content that has already been computed or loaded so that it is available again more quickly."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Caching can happen in the browser, CDN, web server, application process, object cache or database system and needs clear invalidation rules."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A CDN stores an image file close to the visitor and avoids repeated fetches from the origin server."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Cache-Control ETag CDN Core Web Vitals",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Cache-Control",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cache-control"
        },
        {
          "text": "ETag",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#etag"
        },
        {
          "text": "CDN",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cdn"
        },
        {
          "text": "Core Web Vitals",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#core-web-vitals"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP & network · Advanced #cache-control",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#cache-control",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cache-control"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is Cache-Control?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Cache-Control · HTTP caching directive"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Cache-Control defines whether and for how long clients or intermediate servers may store an HTTP response."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Directives such as max-age, no-cache, no-store, public, private and must-revalidate control reuse and revalidation."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Fingerprinted CSS files can be stored for a long time, while HTML should usually be revalidated regularly."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Cache ETag HTTP Header CDN",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Cache",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cache"
        },
        {
          "text": "ETag",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#etag"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTP Header",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http-header"
        },
        {
          "text": "CDN",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cdn"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Performance & SEO · Advanced #canonical-url",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#canonical-url",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#canonical-url"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a canonical URL?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Canonical URL · Preferred address of a piece of content"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A canonical URL marks the preferred address of content when several URLs show similar or identical content."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The link element is a strong consolidation signal, but not a redirect and not a guarantee; internal links and the sitemap should match it."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Tracking parameters show the same content, while canonical points to the clean URL."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "URL Redirect 301 Redirect XML Sitemap",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "URL",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#url"
        },
        {
          "text": "Redirect",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#redirect"
        },
        {
          "text": "301 Redirect",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#301-redirect"
        },
        {
          "text": "XML Sitemap",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#sitemap"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Performance & SEO · Basic #cdn",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#cdn",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cdn"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a CDN?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CDN · Content Delivery Network"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A CDN distributes and stores content across several locations so that it can be delivered closer to visitors."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Edge servers answer cacheable requests, often terminate TLS and can add protective functions such as DDoS defence or a WAF."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Images and scripts of an Austrian website are loaded from regional edge locations for international visitors."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Cache Web Hosting DDoS Web Application Firewall",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Cache",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cache"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Hosting",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webhosting"
        },
        {
          "text": "DDoS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#ddos"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Application Firewall",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#waf"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CMS & platforms · Basic #cms",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#cms",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cms"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a CMS?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CMS · Content management system"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A CMS lets you maintain website content through an admin interface."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A CMS models content, user permissions, media and publishing workflows and renders or delivers web output from them."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Editors change service pages without editing HTML files directly."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Why does it matter?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A CMS makes sense when content is maintained regularly by several people; it does, however, increase maintenance and security effort."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "WordPress Headless CMS Website SSG",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "WordPress",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#wordpress"
        },
        {
          "text": "Headless CMS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#headless-cms"
        },
        {
          "text": "Website",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#website"
        },
        {
          "text": "SSG",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ssg"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A CMS or custom content management? See custom CMS development →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See custom CMS development →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/custom-cms/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security · Technical #csp",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#csp",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#csp"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a content security policy?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Content Security Policy · CSP"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A CSP limits the sources from which a page may load scripts, styles, images and other resources."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The HTTP policy works with directives and source expressions; nonces or hashes can mark specifically permitted inline code."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "script-src 'self' basically only allows scripts from the page’s own origin."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Why does it matter?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A carefully introduced CSP makes XSS harder, but can block legitimate features if misconfigured."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security Headers Cross-Site Scripting Subresource Integrity HTTP Header",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Security Headers",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#security-headers"
        },
        {
          "text": "Cross-Site Scripting",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#xss"
        },
        {
          "text": "Subresource Integrity",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#subresource-integrity"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTP Header",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http-header"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Securing your website technically? See website security →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See website security →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/wordpress-security/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP & network · Basic #cookie",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#cookie",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cookie"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What are cookies?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Cookie · HTTP value stored by the browser"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A cookie is a small value that a website can set in the browser and have sent along with matching later requests."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Attributes such as Domain, Path, Expires, Secure, HttpOnly and SameSite limit lifetime and transmission."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A random session identifier connects several requests to a logged-in session."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Why does it matter?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Cookies can be technically necessary or require consent and transparent privacy information."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Session SameSite Cookie HttpOnly Secure Cookie",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Session",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#session"
        },
        {
          "text": "SameSite Cookie",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#samesite-cookie"
        },
        {
          "text": "HttpOnly",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#httponly"
        },
        {
          "text": "Secure Cookie",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#secure-cookie"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Performance & SEO · Advanced #core-web-vitals",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#core-web-vitals",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#core-web-vitals"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What are Core Web Vitals?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Core Web Vitals · Google’s user experience metrics"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Core Web Vitals assess key aspects of a page’s real-world loading, interactivity and layout stability."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The metrics are taken from field data or lab measurements; causes often lie in resource prioritisation, JavaScript work or unstable layouts."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "An image without fixed dimensions can shift content after loading and worsen CLS."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Lazy Loading Cache CDN Responsive Web Design",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Lazy Loading",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#lazy-loading"
        },
        {
          "text": "Cache",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cache"
        },
        {
          "text": "CDN",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cdn"
        },
        {
          "text": "Responsive Web Design",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#responsive-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Reviewing technology, performance and discoverability? See the website audit →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See the website audit →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-audit/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security · Technical #cors",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#cors",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cors"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is CORS?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CORS · Cross-Origin Resource Sharing"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CORS controls which other origins browsers may allow to access a server’s resources."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Servers set Access-Control-Allow-* headers; non-simple requests can trigger an OPTIONS preflight. CORS is not server-side authentication."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "An API only allows browser access from the frontend’s production domain."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP Header API CSRF Authentication",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "HTTP Header",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http-header"
        },
        {
          "text": "API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#api"
        },
        {
          "text": "CSRF",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#csrf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Authentication",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#authentication"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Data & discoverability · Advanced #ai-crawler",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#ai-crawler",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ai-crawler"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What does Crawler & AI Crawler mean?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Crawler & AI Crawler · Automated retrieval of web pages"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Software that retrieves web pages automatically; AI crawlers do so for AI search, training or other AI services."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A bot retrieves publicly accessible pages and processes headings, texts and links."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Why does it matter?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Technical accessibility, robots rules and clear page structures influence which content a system can process at all."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "AI Search & Generative Search GEO Structured Data",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "AI Search & Generative Search",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/ai-glossary/#ai-search"
        },
        {
          "text": "GEO",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/ai-glossary/#geo"
        },
        {
          "text": "Structured Data",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#structured-data"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CMS & platforms · Advanced #csr",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#csr",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#csr"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What does client-side rendering mean?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CSR · Client-Side Rendering"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Client-side rendering generates essential parts of an interface with JavaScript in the browser."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The client loads code and data, manages the UI state and updates the display without full document navigation."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A complex internal dashboard loads data via an API after startup and renders tables in the browser."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "SPA SSR Hydration React",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "SPA",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#spa"
        },
        {
          "text": "SSR",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ssr"
        },
        {
          "text": "Hydration",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#hydration"
        },
        {
          "text": "React",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#react"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · Basic #css",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#css",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#css"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is CSS?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CSS · Cascading Style Sheets"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CSS determines the presentation, layout and responsive adaptation of HTML content."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Selectors address elements; the cascade, specificity and inheritance determine which declarations are applied as computed styles."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A media query changes the layout for smaller screens."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTML Flexbox CSS Grid Media Query",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "HTML",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#html"
        },
        {
          "text": "Flexbox",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#flexbox"
        },
        {
          "text": "CSS Grid",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#css-grid"
        },
        {
          "text": "Media Query",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#media-query"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · Advanced #css-grid",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#css-grid",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#css-grid"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is CSS Grid?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CSS Grid · CSS Grid Layout"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CSS Grid is a two-dimensional layout model for rows and columns."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Explicit and implicit tracks, grid lines, areas and minmax and fr units enable flexible grids without table markup."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A glossary page shows filters and results in two columns and stacks them on mobile devices."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CSS Flexbox Media Query Responsive Web Design",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "CSS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#css"
        },
        {
          "text": "Flexbox",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#flexbox"
        },
        {
          "text": "Media Query",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#media-query"
        },
        {
          "text": "Responsive Web Design",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#responsive-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with D"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Backend & APIs · Basic #database",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#database",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#database"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a database?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Database · Structured data store"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A database stores data in a structured way and provides functions for reading, changing and securing it."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Relational systems organise data in tables and relationships; other models use documents, key-value pairs, graphs or vectors."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A shop stores customers, products, orders and status changes in a database."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "MySQL Backend Vector Database",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "MySQL",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#mysql"
        },
        {
          "text": "Backend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#backend"
        },
        {
          "text": "Vector Database",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/ai-glossary/#vector-database"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP & network · Basic #dns",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#dns",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#dns"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is DNS?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "DNS · Domain Name System"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "DNS translates domain names into technical targets so that browsers, email servers and other services find the right systems."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Resolvers query the hierarchical DNS infrastructure for records such as A, AAAA, CNAME, MX or TXT and cache answers according to their TTL."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "An A record connects example.at with the IPv4 address of the web server."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Why does it matter?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Faulty DNS records can make the website and email unreachable at the same time."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Domain Web Hosting Cache",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Domain",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#domain"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Hosting",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webhosting"
        },
        {
          "text": "Cache",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cache"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Problems with your domain, DNS or hosting? See hosting help →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See hosting help →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/domain-email-hosting-help/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · Advanced #dom",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#dom",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#dom"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is the DOM?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "DOM · Document Object Model"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The DOM is the programmable tree representation of a loaded HTML or XML document."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Browsers create nodes for elements, text and other parts of the document; JavaScript can read properties and change the tree in a targeted way."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A filter sets the hidden attribute on glossary cards that don’t match."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTML JavaScript Frontend",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "HTML",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#html"
        },
        {
          "text": "JavaScript",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#javascript"
        },
        {
          "text": "Frontend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#frontend"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Basics · Basic #domain",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#domain",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#domain"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a domain?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Domain · Readable name of an internet address"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A domain is a readable name such as jkconcepts.at under which a website or another internet service can be reached."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The Domain Name System resolves the name via DNS records into technical targets such as IP addresses or other host names."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The domain example.at can point to a web server and, via separate DNS records, to an email provider."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Why does it matter?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Domain, DNS and hosting are separate building blocks and can be managed with different providers."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "DNS URL Web Hosting",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "DNS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#dns"
        },
        {
          "text": "URL",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#url"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Hosting",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webhosting"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Problems with your domain, DNS or hosting? See hosting help →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See hosting help →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/domain-email-hosting-help/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with E"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP & network · Technical #etag",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#etag",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#etag"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is an ETag?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "ETag · Entity Tag"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "An ETag is an identifier for a specific version of an HTTP resource."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The client later sends the value as If-None-Match; if the resource is unchanged, the server can respond with 304 without a full body."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A browser validates a cached CSS file without downloading it again in full."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Cache Cache-Control HTTP Header",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Cache",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cache"
        },
        {
          "text": "Cache-Control",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cache-control"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTP Header",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http-header"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · Technical #event-loop",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#event-loop",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#event-loop"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is the JavaScript event loop?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Event Loop · Event loop of a JavaScript runtime"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The event loop coordinates when JavaScript tasks and asynchronous callbacks are executed."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Once the current call stack has finished, the runtime processes queues; microtasks such as promise reactions are handled before the next regular task."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A completed network request queues its callback for later processing without interrupting the current code."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "JavaScript Node.js WebSocket",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "JavaScript",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#javascript"
        },
        {
          "text": "Node.js",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#nodejs"
        },
        {
          "text": "WebSocket",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#websocket"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with F"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · Advanced #flexbox",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#flexbox",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#flexbox"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is Flexbox?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Flexbox · CSS Flexible Box Layout"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Flexbox is a CSS layout model for arranging elements along a main and a cross axis."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Flex containers distribute available space via properties such as flex-grow, flex-shrink, flex-basis, justify-content and align-items."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Navigation items are distributed in a row and may wrap when space is tight."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CSS CSS Grid Responsive Web Design",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "CSS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#css"
        },
        {
          "text": "CSS Grid",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#css-grid"
        },
        {
          "text": "Responsive Web Design",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#responsive-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Basics · Basic #frontend",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#frontend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#frontend"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is the frontend?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · The user-facing part of an application"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The frontend is the part of a website or application that people see and operate."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "On the web it covers HTML, CSS, JavaScript, browser APIs, state logic and communication with server-side interfaces."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Forms, navigation, glossary filters and visual design are all part of the frontend."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Backend Full Stack HTML JavaScript",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Backend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#backend"
        },
        {
          "text": "Full Stack",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#full-stack"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTML",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#html"
        },
        {
          "text": "JavaScript",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#javascript"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Basics · Basic #full-stack",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#full-stack",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#full-stack"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What does full stack mean?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Full Stack · Development across frontend and backend"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Full stack refers to work across several layers of a web application, in particular frontend, backend and data storage."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The term describes breadth, not automatically depth; infrastructure, security, operation and architecture can be part of it too."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A feature covers the form interface, API endpoint, validation and database storage."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend Backend Database API",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Frontend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#frontend"
        },
        {
          "text": "Backend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#backend"
        },
        {
          "text": "Database",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#database"
        },
        {
          "text": "API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#api"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with H"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CMS & platforms · Advanced #headless-cms",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#headless-cms",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#headless-cms"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a headless CMS?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Headless CMS · CMS without a tightly coupled website output"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A headless CMS manages content and delivers it via APIs without dictating the final website interface."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend and editing are decoupled; content can serve several channels, but needs a separate rendering, preview and deployment concept."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Product data is delivered to the website, an app and an internal display from the same content source."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CMS API SSG Frontend",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "CMS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cms"
        },
        {
          "text": "API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#api"
        },
        {
          "text": "SSG",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ssg"
        },
        {
          "text": "Frontend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#frontend"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A CMS or custom content management? See custom CMS development →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See custom CMS development →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/custom-cms/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security · Advanced #hsts",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#hsts",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#hsts"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is HSTS?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HSTS · HTTP Strict Transport Security"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HSTS instructs browsers to access a domain only via HTTPS for a defined period."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The Strict-Transport-Security header can include subdomains; preloading also reduces the risk on the very first visit."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A browser locally replaces a later http request with https."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTPS TLS Security Headers TLS Certificate",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "HTTPS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#https"
        },
        {
          "text": "TLS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#tls"
        },
        {
          "text": "Security Headers",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#security-headers"
        },
        {
          "text": "TLS Certificate",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#certificate"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · Basic #html",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#html",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#html"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is HTML?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTML · HyperText Markup Language"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTML describes the content and semantic structure of a web document."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "After parsing, elements and attributes form the DOM; semantic elements support browsers, search engines and assistive technologies."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Headings, navigation, paragraphs, forms and images are marked up with suitable HTML elements."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "DOM CSS JavaScript Web Accessibility",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "DOM",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#dom"
        },
        {
          "text": "CSS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#css"
        },
        {
          "text": "JavaScript",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#javascript"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Accessibility",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#accessibility"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP & network · Basic #http",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#http",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is HTTP?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP · Hypertext Transfer Protocol"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP is the protocol with which clients and servers exchange requests and responses for web resources."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A message consists of a method or status, headers and optionally a body. HTTP is stateless; session state is established separately."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A browser sends GET /contact/ and the server responds with status 200 and HTML."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTPS Request & Response HTTP Header Cookie",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "HTTPS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#https"
        },
        {
          "text": "Request & Response",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#request-response"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTP Header",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http-header"
        },
        {
          "text": "Cookie",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cookie"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Performance & SEO · Basic #http-404",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#http-404",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http-404"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a 404 error?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP 404 · Not Found"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The status code 404 means that the server found no matching resource for the requested URL."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A genuine error page must still send HTTP status 404 alongside helpful content; an error page that only looks like one but returns status 200 is a soft 404."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A deleted path without a suitable replacement returns a branded 404 page."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Redirect 301 Redirect URL XML Sitemap",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Redirect",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#redirect"
        },
        {
          "text": "301 Redirect",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#301-redirect"
        },
        {
          "text": "URL",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#url"
        },
        {
          "text": "XML Sitemap",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#sitemap"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Is your website showing errors or down? See WordPress help →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See WordPress help →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/wordpress-help/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Performance & SEO · Basic #http-500",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#http-500",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http-500"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What does HTTP 500 mean?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP 500 · Internal Server Error"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The status code 500 reports an unexpected server-side error while processing a request."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The public response is deliberately generic; specific causes are found in application and server logs and can range from code errors to resource problems."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A faulty plugin triggers an unhandled PHP exception."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Logging Monitoring Backend Web Server",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Logging",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#logging"
        },
        {
          "text": "Monitoring",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#monitoring"
        },
        {
          "text": "Backend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#backend"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Server",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webserver"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Is your website showing errors or down? See WordPress help →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See WordPress help →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/wordpress-help/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP & network · Advanced #http-header",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#http-header",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http-header"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What are HTTP headers?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP Header · Metadata of an HTTP message"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP headers carry additional information about a request or response."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Headers control, among other things, content type, caching, authentication, compression, cookies, CORS and browser security rules."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Content-Type: application/json marks a JSON response."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP Cache-Control Security Headers CORS",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "HTTP",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http"
        },
        {
          "text": "Cache-Control",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cache-control"
        },
        {
          "text": "Security Headers",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#security-headers"
        },
        {
          "text": "CORS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cors"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security · Advanced #httponly",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#httponly",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#httponly"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What does HttpOnly mean for cookies?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HttpOnly · Cookie protection against JavaScript access"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HttpOnly prevents JavaScript in the browser from reading a cookie’s value directly."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The browser still sends the cookie automatically with matching HTTP requests; CSRF protection and XSS prevention therefore remain necessary."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The session ID is not visible to document.cookie."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Cookie Session Hijacking Cross-Site Scripting Secure Cookie",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Cookie",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cookie"
        },
        {
          "text": "Session Hijacking",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#session-hijacking"
        },
        {
          "text": "Cross-Site Scripting",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#xss"
        },
        {
          "text": "Secure Cookie",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#secure-cookie"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP & network · Basic #https",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#https",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#https"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is HTTPS?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTPS · HTTP over TLS"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTPS uses TLS to protect the connection between client and server against simple eavesdropping and tampering."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "After the TLS handshake, HTTP messages are transmitted encrypted and authenticated; the certificate binds the public key to a host name."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A login form does not transmit credentials as unencrypted plain text over the network."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Why does it matter?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTPS is a basic requirement for secure forms, modern browser features and trustworthy website operation."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "TLS HTTP HSTS TLS Certificate",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "TLS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#tls"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTP",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http"
        },
        {
          "text": "HSTS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#hsts"
        },
        {
          "text": "TLS Certificate",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#certificate"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Securing your website technically? See website security →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See website security →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/wordpress-security/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · Technical #hydration",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#hydration",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#hydration"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What does hydration mean for websites?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Hydration · Activating server-rendered HTML"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Hydration connects HTML that has already been rendered in the browser with JavaScript state and interactions."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The client framework reconstructs the component tree and binds events; differences between server and client output can cause hydration errors."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A menu that is visible from the server becomes interactive once the JavaScript has loaded."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "SSR CSR Islands Architecture JavaScript",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "SSR",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ssr"
        },
        {
          "text": "CSR",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#csr"
        },
        {
          "text": "Islands Architecture",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#islands-architecture"
        },
        {
          "text": "JavaScript",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#javascript"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with I"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · Technical #islands-architecture",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#islands-architecture",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#islands-architecture"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is islands architecture?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Islands Architecture · Island architecture for interactive components"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "With islands architecture, most of a page stays static while only selected components get JavaScript."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Interactive islands are hydrated or loaded independently, so the entire page doesn’t have to run as a client application."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A static content page activates only search, navigation and a form as interactive parts."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Astro Hydration SSG JavaScript",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Astro",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#astro"
        },
        {
          "text": "Hydration",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#hydration"
        },
        {
          "text": "SSG",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ssg"
        },
        {
          "text": "JavaScript",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#javascript"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with J"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · Basic #javascript",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#javascript",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#javascript"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is JavaScript?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "JavaScript · The programming language of the web"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "JavaScript is a programming language for interactive browser features and many server-side applications."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Browsers run ECMAScript in a runtime with web APIs, an event loop and DOM access; modules structure larger applications."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A glossary search shows matching terms as you type."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "TypeScript DOM Event Loop Node.js",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "TypeScript",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#typescript"
        },
        {
          "text": "DOM",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#dom"
        },
        {
          "text": "Event Loop",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#event-loop"
        },
        {
          "text": "Node.js",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#nodejs"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Backend & APIs · Basic #json",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#json",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#json"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is JSON?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "JSON · JavaScript Object Notation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "JSON is a text-based data format for structured values such as objects, lists, strings, numbers and booleans."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "JSON has a clearly defined syntax, but no comments, functions or dates as a type of their own."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "An API responds with {\"status\":\"ok\",\"count\":3}."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "API REST API Structured Output",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#api"
        },
        {
          "text": "REST API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#rest-api"
        },
        {
          "text": "Structured Output",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/ai-glossary/#structured-output"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with L"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Performance & SEO · Advanced #lazy-loading",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#lazy-loading",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#lazy-loading"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is lazy loading?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Lazy Loading · Deferred loading"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Lazy loading only loads content or code when it is likely to be needed."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Browsers can lazy-load images and iframes natively; bundlers split JavaScript into separately fetchable chunks via dynamic imports."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Images far below the visible area are not transferred on the first page view."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Core Web Vitals JavaScript Cache",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Core Web Vitals",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#core-web-vitals"
        },
        {
          "text": "JavaScript",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#javascript"
        },
        {
          "text": "Cache",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cache"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security · Basic #logging",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#logging",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#logging"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What does logging mean?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Logging · Recording events"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Logging records technical and security-relevant events for diagnosis, traceability and detection."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Good logs contain the time, event type and necessary context, avoid sensitive content and are protected against unnoticed tampering."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Failed logins are logged with the account, time and approximate origin."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Monitoring HTTP 500 File Integrity Monitoring Website Security",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Monitoring",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#monitoring"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTP 500",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http-500"
        },
        {
          "text": "File Integrity Monitoring",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#file-integrity-monitoring"
        },
        {
          "text": "Website Security",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#website-security"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with M"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · Advanced #media-query",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#media-query",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#media-query"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a media query?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Media Query · Conditional CSS rule for output properties"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A media query activates CSS rules depending on properties such as the available width or user preferences."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Besides viewport features, prefers-reduced-motion, colour scheme, pointer precision and print media can be queried, among others."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "From 64rem upwards, a filter bar is shown as a sidebar next to the results."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CSS Responsive Web Design Mobile First Web Accessibility",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "CSS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#css"
        },
        {
          "text": "Responsive Web Design",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#responsive-design"
        },
        {
          "text": "Mobile First",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#mobile-first"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Accessibility",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#accessibility"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · Basic #mobile-first",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#mobile-first",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#mobile-first"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What does mobile first mean?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Mobile First · Design approach starting from the small screen"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Mobile first starts with a clear, complete mobile presentation and extends it for larger screens."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Base rules apply to small viewports; min-width media queries add layout and features progressively."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The glossary cards start as a single column and become two columns on wide screens."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Responsive Web Design Media Query Web Accessibility",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Responsive Web Design",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#responsive-design"
        },
        {
          "text": "Media Query",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#media-query"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Accessibility",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#accessibility"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security · Basic #monitoring",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#monitoring",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#monitoring"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is website monitoring?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Monitoring · Ongoing system monitoring"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Monitoring observes the availability, performance, errors and selected security signals of a system."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Metrics, synthetic checks and log signals need thresholds, alerting paths and responsible responses so that data turns into action."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "An alert is triggered when the website cannot be reached or errors rise sharply."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Logging Backup File Integrity Monitoring Disaster Recovery",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Logging",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#logging"
        },
        {
          "text": "Backup",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#backup"
        },
        {
          "text": "File Integrity Monitoring",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#file-integrity-monitoring"
        },
        {
          "text": "Disaster Recovery",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#disaster-recovery"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Ongoing care for updates, backups and monitoring? See WordPress maintenance →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See WordPress maintenance →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/wordpress-maintenance/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Backend & APIs · Advanced #mysql",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#mysql",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#mysql"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is MySQL?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "MySQL · Relational database system"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "MySQL is a relational database system that stores data in tables and queries it with SQL."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Schemas, keys, indexes, transactions and constraints structure and protect data; MariaDB is a related but independent system."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "WordPress typically stores posts, options, users and metadata in MySQL or MariaDB."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Database WordPress Backend",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Database",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#database"
        },
        {
          "text": "WordPress",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#wordpress"
        },
        {
          "text": "Backend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#backend"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with N"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Backend & APIs · Advanced #nodejs",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#nodejs",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#nodejs"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is Node.js?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Node.js · JavaScript runtime outside the browser"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Node.js runs JavaScript outside the browser and is used for servers, tools and build processes."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The runtime combines the V8 engine with event-driven I/O interfaces and a package ecosystem built around npm."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Astro uses Node.js to generate the static website."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "JavaScript Backend Event Loop SSG",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "JavaScript",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#javascript"
        },
        {
          "text": "Backend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#backend"
        },
        {
          "text": "Event Loop",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#event-loop"
        },
        {
          "text": "SSG",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ssg"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with P"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Backend & APIs · Basic #php",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#php",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#php"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is PHP?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "PHP · Server-side programming language"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "PHP is a server-side programming language used particularly often for websites, APIs and content management systems."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A PHP process handles a request, runs application code and generates an HTTP response; Composer manages typical package dependencies."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "WordPress and WooCommerce run most of their core logic in PHP."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Backend WordPress Web Server API",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Backend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#backend"
        },
        {
          "text": "WordPress",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#wordpress"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Server",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webserver"
        },
        {
          "text": "API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#api"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with R"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Performance & SEO · Advanced #301-redirect",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#301-redirect",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#301-redirect"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What does 301 redirect mean?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "301 Redirect · Permanent HTTP redirect"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A 301 redirect marks a permanent redirect to a new URL."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Clients and search engines may adopt the target in the long term; for unsafe methods, 308 can express preservation of the method more clearly."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "An old WordPress address is redirected after the relaunch to the new route with the corresponding content."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Redirect Canonical URL HTTP 404 XML Sitemap",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Redirect",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#redirect"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#canonical-url"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTP 404",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http-404"
        },
        {
          "text": "XML Sitemap",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#sitemap"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Carrying URLs and content over cleanly in a redesign? See website redesign →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See website redesign →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-redesign/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security · Advanced #rate-limiting",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#rate-limiting",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#rate-limiting"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is rate limiting?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Rate Limiting · Limiting requests"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Rate limiting restricts how many actions are allowed within a period of time."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Limits can apply per account, token, IP, route or risk signal; distributed systems need a shared or consistent counter."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "After several failed logins, further attempts are delayed step by step."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Brute Force Bot Protection API DDoS",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Brute Force",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#brute-force"
        },
        {
          "text": "Bot Protection",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#bot-protection"
        },
        {
          "text": "API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#api"
        },
        {
          "text": "DDoS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#ddos"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · Advanced #react",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#react",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#react"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is React?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "React · JavaScript library for user interfaces"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "React is a component-based JavaScript library for building state-driven user interfaces."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Components produce declarative element trees; React coordinates state changes, rendering and, depending on the runtime, server- or client-side execution."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A complex dashboard breaks navigation, filters, tables and charts down into reusable components."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "JavaScript CSR SSR Hydration",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "JavaScript",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#javascript"
        },
        {
          "text": "CSR",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#csr"
        },
        {
          "text": "SSR",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ssr"
        },
        {
          "text": "Hydration",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#hydration"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Performance & SEO · Basic #redirect",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#redirect",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#redirect"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a redirect?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Redirect · HTTP redirect"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A redirect tells the client that a resource is available at a different URL."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "3xx status codes distinguish, among other things, permanent and temporary targets and how the original HTTP method is handled."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "After a relaunch, the old service URL leads permanently to the matching new page."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "301 Redirect URL Canonical URL HTTP 404",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "301 Redirect",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#301-redirect"
        },
        {
          "text": "URL",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#url"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#canonical-url"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTP 404",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http-404"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP & network · Basic #request-response",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#request-response",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#request-response"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What are request and response?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Request & Response · Request and response"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A client sends a request; the server processes it and returns a response."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Requests contain a method, target, headers and optional data. Responses contain a status code, headers and an optional response body."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "POST /api/contact submits form data and receives a success or error message."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP API HTTP Header Backend",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "HTTP",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http"
        },
        {
          "text": "API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#api"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTP Header",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http-header"
        },
        {
          "text": "Backend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#backend"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · Basic #responsive-design",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#responsive-design",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#responsive-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is responsive web design?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Responsive Web Design · Adaptive web layout"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Responsive web design adapts content, layout and interaction to different screen sizes and input methods."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Flexible grids, intrinsic sizing, responsive media and media and container queries avoid separate device-specific layouts."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "On small screens, filter chips can be scrolled horizontally instead of taking up many rows."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Mobile First Media Query Web Accessibility CSS Grid",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Mobile First",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#mobile-first"
        },
        {
          "text": "Media Query",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#media-query"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Accessibility",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#accessibility"
        },
        {
          "text": "CSS Grid",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#css-grid"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Backend & APIs · Advanced #rest-api",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#rest-api",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#rest-api"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a REST API?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "REST API · HTTP interface following REST principles"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A REST API provides resources and actions via clearly defined HTTP endpoints."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Typical interfaces use HTTP methods, status codes, URLs and representation-based data formats; REST itself does not require JSON."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "GET /api/orders/42 reads an order, PATCH updates selected fields."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "API HTTP JSON Authentication",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#api"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTP",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http"
        },
        {
          "text": "JSON",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#json"
        },
        {
          "text": "Authentication",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#authentication"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Performance & SEO · Basic #robots-txt",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#robots-txt",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#robots-txt"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is robots.txt?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "robots.txt · Crawler control file"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "robots.txt gives cooperating crawlers rules for fetching certain areas of a website."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The file lives at the origin under /robots.txt; Disallow does not prevent access and is no reliable protection against indexing or attackers."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Internal search results are excluded from crawling by search engine bots."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "XML Sitemap Crawler & AI Crawler Canonical URL",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "XML Sitemap",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#sitemap"
        },
        {
          "text": "Crawler & AI Crawler",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ai-crawler"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#canonical-url"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with S"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security · Technical #samesite-cookie",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#samesite-cookie",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#samesite-cookie"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What does SameSite mean for cookies?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "SameSite Cookie · Limiting cross-site cookie transmission"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "SameSite controls when a browser sends cookies with requests from a different site context."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Strict, Lax and None have different rules for navigation and embedding; SameSite=None requires Secure."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A Lax session cookie reduces many simple CSRF scenarios without preventing normal link navigation."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Cookie CSRF Secure Cookie HttpOnly",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Cookie",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cookie"
        },
        {
          "text": "CSRF",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#csrf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Secure Cookie",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#secure-cookie"
        },
        {
          "text": "HttpOnly",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#httponly"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Data & discoverability · Advanced #schema-org",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#schema-org",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#schema-org"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What does Schema.org mean?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Schema.org · Vocabulary for structured web data"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A shared vocabulary that websites use to describe people, organisations, offers, terms and other content."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A glossary uses DefinedTermSet and DefinedTerm to mark up terms and definitions in a machine-readable way."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Why does it matter?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Schema.org creates a common language for systems; markup alone does not replace helpful visible content, however."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Structured Data Entity GEO",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Structured Data",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#structured-data"
        },
        {
          "text": "Entity",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/ai-glossary/#entity"
        },
        {
          "text": "GEO",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/ai-glossary/#geo"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security · Advanced #secure-cookie",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#secure-cookie",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#secure-cookie"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What does Secure mean for cookies?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Secure Cookie · Cookie sent only over HTTPS"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The Secure attribute ensures that a cookie is only sent over encrypted HTTPS connections."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "It doesn’t protect against client-side reading and should be combined for sensitive cookies with HttpOnly, SameSite and narrow domain and path limits."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A session cookie is never transmitted over an unencrypted HTTP connection."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Cookie HTTPS HttpOnly SameSite Cookie",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Cookie",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cookie"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTPS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#https"
        },
        {
          "text": "HttpOnly",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#httponly"
        },
        {
          "text": "SameSite Cookie",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#samesite-cookie"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security · Advanced #security-headers",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#security-headers",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#security-headers"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What are security headers?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security Headers · HTTP security headers"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security headers give the browser additional security rules for a website."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CSP, HSTS, frame-ancestors, Referrer-Policy and other headers limit loading sources, protocol downgrades, embedding and the sharing of information."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A CSP prevents arbitrary third-party scripts from being executed on a page."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Content Security Policy HSTS HTTP Header Cross-Site Scripting",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Content Security Policy",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#csp"
        },
        {
          "text": "HSTS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#hsts"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTP Header",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http-header"
        },
        {
          "text": "Cross-Site Scripting",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#xss"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Securing your website technically? See website security →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See website security →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/wordpress-security/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Backend & APIs · Advanced #session",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#session",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#session"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a session?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Session · Server-side session state"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A session keeps related user requests in a shared state across several page views."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Usually the server stores the state and the browser only sends a random session ID in a protected cookie."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "After login, the server recognises the logged-in user from the session ID."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Cookie Authentication Session Hijacking Backend",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Cookie",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cookie"
        },
        {
          "text": "Authentication",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#authentication"
        },
        {
          "text": "Session Hijacking",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#session-hijacking"
        },
        {
          "text": "Backend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#backend"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CMS & platforms · Advanced #spa",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#spa",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#spa"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a single page application?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "SPA · Single Page Application"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "An SPA loads one application document and then updates views mainly in the browser."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Client-side routing and state management replace many full page navigations; data usually comes via APIs."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A project management tool switches between tasks and views without reloading the whole document."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CSR Web App API React",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "CSR",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#csr"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web App",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#web-app"
        },
        {
          "text": "API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#api"
        },
        {
          "text": "React",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#react"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CMS & platforms · Advanced #ssg",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#ssg",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ssg"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a static site generator?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "SSG · Static Site Generation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "With static site generation, finished HTML pages are created before publication instead of on every request."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A build reads templates and data, produces files and can deliver them via simple web space or a CDN."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Astro generates all known pages as static HTML files during the build."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Astro SSR CSR CDN",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Astro",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#astro"
        },
        {
          "text": "SSR",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ssr"
        },
        {
          "text": "CSR",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#csr"
        },
        {
          "text": "CDN",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cdn"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CMS & platforms · Advanced #ssr",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#ssr",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ssr"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What does SSR mean?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "SSR · Server-Side Rendering"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Server-side rendering generates HTML on the server, typically for each request or via a server-side cache."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The server runs application logic and serialises the view; client-side hydration can then add interactivity."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A personalised portal renders a user-specific overview page after login."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "SSG CSR Hydration Backend",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "SSG",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ssg"
        },
        {
          "text": "CSR",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#csr"
        },
        {
          "text": "Hydration",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#hydration"
        },
        {
          "text": "Backend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#backend"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Data & discoverability · Advanced #structured-data",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#structured-data",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#structured-data"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is structured data?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Structured Data · Machine-readable page data"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Machine-readable information that describes the content and meaning of a page in defined fields."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A website additionally marks up its organisation, services or defined terms as JSON-LD."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Why does it matter?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Structured data makes unambiguous interpretation easier, but must match the visible content and be technically correct."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Schema.org Entity Knowledge Graph",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Schema.org",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#schema-org"
        },
        {
          "text": "Entity",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/ai-glossary/#entity"
        },
        {
          "text": "Knowledge Graph",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/ai-glossary/#knowledge-graph"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security · Technical #subresource-integrity",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#subresource-integrity",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#subresource-integrity"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is subresource integrity?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Subresource Integrity · SRI"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "SRI lets browsers check whether an externally loaded resource matches the expected cryptographic hash exactly."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The integrity attribute contains one or more hash values; for cross-origin resources, the CORS configuration must allow the check."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A CDN script is only executed if its content matches the stored SHA-384 hash."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Content Security Policy Software Supply Chain Attack CORS Hashing",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Content Security Policy",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#csp"
        },
        {
          "text": "Software Supply Chain Attack",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#supply-chain-attack"
        },
        {
          "text": "CORS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cors"
        },
        {
          "text": "Hashing",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#hashing"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with T"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP & network · Advanced #tls",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#tls",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#tls"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is TLS?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "TLS · Transport Layer Security"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "TLS is a protocol for encrypted network connections that are protected against tampering."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The handshake negotiates the version and cryptographic methods, checks certificates and derives session keys for symmetric encryption."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTPS, secure mail transfer and many APIs use TLS to protect the transport."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTPS TLS Certificate Encryption HSTS",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "HTTPS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#https"
        },
        {
          "text": "TLS Certificate",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#certificate"
        },
        {
          "text": "Encryption",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#encryption"
        },
        {
          "text": "HSTS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#hsts"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP & network · Advanced #certificate",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#certificate",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#certificate"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is an SSL certificate?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "TLS Certificate · Digital certificate for a host name"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A TLS certificate confirms that a public key belongs to a domain name."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Browsers check the signature, validity, host name and the certificate chain up to a trusted certificate authority."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Let’s Encrypt provides automatable domain certificates for HTTPS."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "TLS HTTPS Encryption",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "TLS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#tls"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTPS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#https"
        },
        {
          "text": "Encryption",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#encryption"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · Advanced #typescript",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#typescript",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#typescript"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is TypeScript?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "TypeScript · JavaScript with static type checking"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "TypeScript extends JavaScript with static types and additional development tools."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The compiler checks type relationships before execution and produces JavaScript; the type information itself is normally not available at runtime."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "An interface describes which fields a glossary term must have."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "JavaScript Frontend Node.js",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "JavaScript",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#javascript"
        },
        {
          "text": "Frontend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#frontend"
        },
        {
          "text": "Node.js",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#nodejs"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with U"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Basics · Basic #url",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#url",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#url"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a URL?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "URL · Uniform Resource Locator"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A URL describes the address of a specific resource on the web."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "It can contain scheme, host, port, path, query string and fragment, for example https://example.at/search/?q=test#results."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The domain names the host; the path /contact/ denotes a resource on that host."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Domain HTTP Canonical URL Redirect",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Domain",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#domain"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTP",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#canonical-url"
        },
        {
          "text": "Redirect",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#redirect"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with W"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Frontend · Basic #accessibility",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#accessibility",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#accessibility"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is web accessibility?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Web Accessibility · Accessible websites for everyone"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Web accessibility ensures that people with different abilities and assistive tools can use digital content."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Semantic HTML, keyboard operation, focus management, contrast, clear labels and robust interfaces to assistive technologies are central foundations."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A search field has a visible label, and filter buttons expose their pressed state programmatically."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTML Responsive Web Design Core Web Vitals",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "HTML",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#html"
        },
        {
          "text": "Responsive Web Design",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#responsive-design"
        },
        {
          "text": "Core Web Vitals",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#core-web-vitals"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Reviewing technology, performance and discoverability? See the website audit →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See the website audit →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-audit/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Basics · Basic #web-app",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#web-app",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#web-app"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a web app?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Web App · Web application"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A web app is an application operated in the browser in which users edit data or carry out specific workflows."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Web apps combine a user interface in the browser with server-side logic, APIs, databases and often a user login."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "An internal order portal replaces shared Excel files and coordination by email."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Why does it matter?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The distinction from a website affects architecture, security needs, development costs and ongoing support."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Website Frontend Backend API",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Website",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#website"
        },
        {
          "text": "Frontend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#frontend"
        },
        {
          "text": "Backend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#backend"
        },
        {
          "text": "API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#api"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Turning an internal workflow into a web app? See custom software →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See custom software →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/custom-software/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Basics · Basic #webhosting",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#webhosting",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webhosting"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is web hosting?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Web Hosting · Operating environment for websites"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Web hosting provides storage, computing power and network access so that a website can be delivered on the internet."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Depending on the plan, web server, runtime, database, TLS, backups and email run on shared, virtual, dedicated or managed infrastructure."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "WordPress hosting runs PHP, connects to MySQL and delivers images and stylesheets."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Why does it matter?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The performance, security, backups and support of the hosting affect how reliable the website is."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Domain Web Server DNS CDN",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Domain",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#domain"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Server",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webserver"
        },
        {
          "text": "DNS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#dns"
        },
        {
          "text": "CDN",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cdn"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Problems with your domain, DNS or hosting? See hosting help →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See hosting help →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/domain-email-hosting-help/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP & network · Basic #webserver",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#webserver",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webserver"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a web server?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Web Server · Server for HTTP requests"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A web server accepts HTTP requests and delivers files or dynamically generated responses to browsers and other clients."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Software such as nginx or Apache handles TLS, routing, caching, compression and forwarding to application processes."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The web server delivers a static HTML file directly or forwards a PHP request to PHP-FPM."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP Request & Response Web Hosting Backend",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "HTTP",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http"
        },
        {
          "text": "Request & Response",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#request-response"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Hosting",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webhosting"
        },
        {
          "text": "Backend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#backend"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security · Technical #webauthn",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#webauthn",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webauthn"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is WebAuthn?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "WebAuthn · Web Authentication API"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "WebAuthn is the browser API for strong public-key logins with passkeys and security keys."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The server sends a challenge; the authenticator signs it for the specific relying party, preventing simple phishing reuse."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A hardware security key confirms the administrator login."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Passkey Authentication MFA / 2FA Phishing",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Passkey",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#passkey"
        },
        {
          "text": "Authentication",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#authentication"
        },
        {
          "text": "MFA / 2FA",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#mfa"
        },
        {
          "text": "Phishing",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#phishing"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Backend & APIs · Advanced #webhook",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#webhook",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webhook"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a webhook?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Webhook · Event-driven HTTP call"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A webhook automatically informs another system about an event via HTTP."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The sender calls a registered URL; receivers should check signatures, tolerate retries and make processing idempotent."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A payment provider tells the shop that a payment has been completed successfully."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "API REST API Authentication Rate Limiting",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#api"
        },
        {
          "text": "REST API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#rest-api"
        },
        {
          "text": "Authentication",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#authentication"
        },
        {
          "text": "Rate Limiting",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#rate-limiting"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Basics · Basic #website",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#website",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#website"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a website?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Website · A connected web presence"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A website is a web presence reachable via a domain, made up of one or more related pages."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Browsers load documents and resources from a web server via HTTP or HTTPS. Navigation, URLs and links connect the individual pages into a shared offering."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A company website contains, for example, a homepage, services, projects, contact and legal pages."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Why does it matter?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "For structure, operation and cost, what matters is whether a simple website, a CMS, a shop or a web app is needed."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Domain Web Hosting HTML Web App",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "Domain",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#domain"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web Hosting",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#webhosting"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTML",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#html"
        },
        {
          "text": "Web App",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#web-app"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Building a new website the right way? See website design →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See website design →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-design/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP & network · Technical #websocket",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#websocket",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#websocket"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a WebSocket?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "WebSocket · Persistent bidirectional web connection"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "WebSocket enables a permanently open connection over which client and server can send messages at any time."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "After an HTTP upgrade, the connection uses its own frame-based protocol over TCP and needs explicit authentication and connection logic."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Chats, live dashboards or collaborative editing transmit updates without constant polling."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "HTTP API Authentication",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "HTTP",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http"
        },
        {
          "text": "API",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#api"
        },
        {
          "text": "Authentication",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#authentication"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CMS & platforms · Basic #wordpress",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#wordpress",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#wordpress"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is WordPress?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "WordPress · Open-source content management system"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "WordPress is a widely used open-source CMS for websites, editorial content and, with extensions, online shops."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "WordPress is based mainly on PHP and MySQL, has theme, plugin, hook, role and REST API systems and needs ongoing updates."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A custom theme reflects the corporate design, while structured content fields make maintenance easier."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Why does it matter?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Quality depends heavily on architecture, extensions, maintenance, hosting and security configuration."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "CMS PHP MySQL WordPress Hardening",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "CMS",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#cms"
        },
        {
          "text": "PHP",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#php"
        },
        {
          "text": "MySQL",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#mysql"
        },
        {
          "text": "WordPress Hardening",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/website-security-glossary/#wordpress-hardening"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Building WordPress your way – and maintainable? See WordPress development →",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "See WordPress development →",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/wordpress-development/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Security · Technical #wp-cron",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#wp-cron",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#wp-cron"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is WP-Cron?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "WP-Cron · Event scheduling in WordPress"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "WP-Cron runs scheduled WordPress tasks, but by default is triggered by page views."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "With irregular or high traffic, a real system cron can be more reliable; blocked or overloaded cron runs affect updates and background jobs."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Scheduled publications and WooCommerce background tasks depend on cron events running reliably."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "WordPress Monitoring Backend",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "WordPress",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#wordpress"
        },
        {
          "text": "Monitoring",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#monitoring"
        },
        {
          "text": "Backend",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#backend"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Terms starting with X"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Performance & SEO · Basic #sitemap",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "#sitemap",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#sitemap"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "What is a sitemap?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "XML Sitemap · Machine-readable list of URLs"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "An XML sitemap lists indexable URLs and optional update dates for search engines."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 3,
      "text": "Technology, example and context"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Technical explanation"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "It helps with discovery, but replaces neither internal linking nor indexability and doesn’t guarantee inclusion in the search index."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Example"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "A static build generates a sitemap from all indexable routes."
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 4,
      "text": "Related terms"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "robots.txt Canonical URL HTTP 404 Crawler & AI Crawler",
      "links": [
        {
          "text": "robots.txt",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#robots-txt"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#canonical-url"
        },
        {
          "text": "HTTP 404",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#http-404"
        },
        {
          "text": "Crawler & AI Crawler",
          "url": "https://www.jkconcepts.at/en/web-technology-glossary/#ai-crawler"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "Technology that fits the project"
    },
    {
      "type": "heading",
      "level": 2,
      "text": "Website, CMS or custom web app?"
    },
    {
      "type": "paragraph",
      "text": "The right architecture depends on content, workflows, interfaces, maintenance and the actual goal."
    }
  ]
}